Understanding How Fallacies, Critical Thinking and...

How it all comes together 1 Understanding how fallacies, critical thinking and decision making techniques are all linked together. What is a logical fallacy? According to the Webster dictionary (1996), a fallacy is a false notion. A statement or argument based on a false or invalid inference. Fallacies can be divided into two different groups; the first one is the fallacy of relevance where the premises are irrelevant to the outcome. The other is fallacy of insufficient evidence, where the premises may be relevant to the outcome but does not have enough evidence to support that outcome. Relevance can be described in three different categories; 1. It can be positively relevant- where it supports a certain statement. 2. It can†¦show more content†¦During these discussions, once you voice your opinion, fallacies in reasoning come out (Mckenzie, 1992). A critical thinker is also a human being and somewhat a risk taker, when discussions come up, a thinker always tend to voice own opinions depending on their own personal beliefs, these beliefs will then determine what logically fallacies the conversation will fall into. A critical thinker should also have the ability to reason correctly and try to identify any reasoning that are fallacies, this is why it is so important to know and understand the different fallacies that will interrupt the four components of critical thinking. How it all comes together 4 Using the six stages of decision making is a helpful tool to understand and overcome the fallacies of thinking. 1. Identifying and diagnosing the problem- first one must recognize there is a problem and decides that it needs to be solved and then be willing to do something about it. 2. Generating alternative solutions- this is where the problem is being linked to alternative course of actions. 3. Evaluating alternatives- rank the alternatives. 4. Making a choice by using maximizing (best outcome), satisfying (acceptable), and optimizing (best balanced). 5. Implement the decision- carry out the choice you have made. 6. Evaluate the decision- collect data of how well the choice you made worked (Bateman, 2003). According to Rudolph (1992), he includes that one

The Actors Of Micro Environment - 1680 Words

Q1. 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Macro Environment Macro Environment Hotel Industry Natural Change Natural disasters like tornado, flood, drought and landslides have caused doomsday for local citizens. The extreme weather first started in Selangor with a long drought which began in 2012 and got worse as it reached 2014. Then there was a big flood and mud slides with persistent rain which happened in Sabah in October 2014. Lastly in October 2014 series mini twistersShow MoreRelatedThe Actors Of Micro Environment1527 Words   |  7 PagesQ1. Actors of Micro Environment Company Name: The company that will be discussed is PepsiCo soft drinks. 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Wilde’s the Happy Prince and Other Tales and a House of Pomegranates Free Essays

Literary influences of the books; Concern of Wilde on blending Christianity and aestheticism; : 1351 In a famous statement to W. B. Yeats, Oscar Wilde called Walter Pater’s The Renaissance â€Å"my golden book; I never travel anywhere without it. We will write a custom essay sample on Wilde’s the Happy Prince and Other Tales and a House of Pomegranates or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"( n1) Nor is Pater’s influence limited to a single book. Marius the Epicurean also had a strong impact on Wilde, and during his imprisonment, Pater’s Greek Studies, Appreciations, and Imaginary Portraits were among the few books he asked for and received (Letters 399). Pater also had a powerful influence on Wilde’s fairy tales, which critics have not so far focused on. The fairy tales of The Happy Prince and Other Tales and A House of Pomegranates reveal many influences–Hans Christian Andersen, Blake, Carlyle–but Pater is a chief influence on many of them. In De Profundis, Wilde wrote of Marius the Epicurean that in it Pater seeks to reconcile the artistic life with the life of religion in the deep, sweet and austere sense of the word. But Marius is little more than a spectator: an ideal spectator indeed, [. . . yet a spectator merely, and perhaps a little too much occupied with the comeliness of the vessels of the Sanctuary to notice that it is the Sanctuary of Sorrow that he is gazing at. (Letters 476)In many of the fairy tales, Wilde’s concern is exactly that of Pater in Marius–to blend Christianity and the artistic life or aestheticism. In others, he is more concerned with the conclusion to The Renaissance, with its insistent advice that we should devote our lives to the private enjoyment of the best objects of art–advice which he strongly rejects. The Happy Prince,† for instance, belongs to the latter group. When we first meet the happy prince, he is a beautiful statue, â€Å"gilded all over with thin leaves of fine gold,† his eyes are â€Å"two bright sapphires,† and â€Å"a large red ruby† is fixed on his sword-hilt (271). His position as an aesthetic object high above the city symbolizes the isolated, carefree, pleasure-seeking life he led before his death, when he lived in a beautiful palace that is itself a work of art. Every evening, he tell us, â€Å"I led the dance in the Great Hall† (272).The happy pr ince, then, begins his existence as an aesthete, a follower of Pater’s advice in The Renaissance that to burn always with this hard, gem-like flame, to maintain this ecstasy, is success in life. [. . . ] We have an interval, and then our place knows us no more. Some spend this interval in listlessness, some in high passions, the wisest, at least among â€Å"the children of this world,† in art and song. [. . . ] Of such wisdom, the poetic passion, the desire of beauty, the love of art for its own sake, has most. 123) Even as a child, the happy prince devotes himself instinctively to a Pateresque life of art, song, and beauty, but in doing so he locks out Christian sweetness and purity. When he becomes a statue, the happy prince gradually recognizes all the pain and sorrow that exists in the city below him, and he develops into a Christian, a child of light. His heart overflows with love and pity, and he sacrifices his aesthetic glory to help others. In this, he is aided by a swallow who undergoes a similar pattern of development.Finally, he strips himself of all his beauty, and his leaden heart cracks when the swallow dies, but both are ready now to enter Heaven. Christianity and aestheticism do not blend in â€Å"The Happy Prince†: Pater’s Renaissance is seen as an early, selfish stage that human beings should outgrow. The great problem of the infanta in â€Å"The Birthday of the Infanta† is that she does not go beyond the private aestheticism Pater recommended in his conclusion but remains monstrous in her icy beauty and cold palace, with its many objects of art.In â€Å"The Young King,† on the other hand, Christianity and aestheticism blend fully. The young king, the son of an artist, is disowned at first by his grandfather the old king, but is later acknowledged as heir to the throne and brought into the palace. â€Å"From the very first moment of his recognition,† we are told, he had shown signs of that strange passion for beauty that was destined to have so great an influence over his life. [. . . ] The wonderful palace–Joyeuse, as they called it–of which he now found himself lord, seemed to him to be a new world fresh-fashioned for his delight; [. . ] he would run down the great staircase, with its lions of gilt bronze and its steps of bright porphyry, and wander from room to room, and from corridor to corridor. (213-14) This crucial passage reveals the young king as a disciple of Pater’s Renaissance, constantly in a state of â€Å"ecstasy,† burning with â€Å"a hard gem-like flame† as he privately enjoys the manifold beauties of his palace of art. But as his nature develops, he becomes terribly aware, through three successive dreams, of the pain and evil that accompanied the acquisition of such magnificent objects of art.He becomes a Christian, embraces poverty, and goes to his coronation in rags. The realm mocks and opposes him, from the people to the nobles to the bishop, but he presses on and enters the church. The nobles follow with drawn swords, intent on killing him, but God intervenes and crowns him: And lo! through the painted windows came the sunlight streaming upon him, and the sunbeams wove round him a tissued robe that was fairer than the robe that was fashioned for his pleasure. The dead staff blossomed, and bare lilies that were whiter than pearls.The dry thorn blossomed, and bare roses that were redder than rubies. (221) The young king enters a new aesthetic realm, pure and indescribably beautiful. Christianity in this tale is the highest form of aestheticism: the young king abandons Pater’s Renaissance and discovers a higher, religious Epicureanism, much as Marius does when it dawns on him–in the â€Å"Divine Service† chapter of the novel–that Christianity is â€Å"the most beautiful thing in the world† (303). Like Marius, in his final stage of self-development, the king blends Christianity and aestheticism. n2) The protagonist of â€Å"The Fisherman and His Soul† does the same thing. Initially, fascinated by the beautiful mermaid who sings marvelous songs and lives in a wonderworld beneath the sea, the fisherman casts away his soul and joins her. By the end of the tale, however, his heart becomes large enough to embrace in love both the mermaid and his soul: without abandoning aestheticism, he becomes a Christian, and his grave blooms, prompting a change in the wrathful priest, who speaks of all-embracing love and blesses all of God’s creatures.Similarly, in â€Å"The Star-Child† the star-child’s physical beauty returns only when he becomes spiritually beautiful along Christian lines: the two go hand in hand. Over and over in the fairy tales, but especially in â€Å"The Young King,† Wilde blends Christianity and aestheticism in the manner of Marius the Epicurean, and over and over he rejects the advice of the conclusion to The Renaissance, presenting it as an inadequate initial stage in the soul’s spiritual development. NOTES (n1. ) W. B. Yeats, The Autobiography of William Butler Yeats (New York: Macmillan, 1953) 80. n2. ) In this essay, I follow Gerald Cornelius Monsman’s reading of Marius in Pater’s Portraits: Mythic Pattern in Fiction of Walter Pater (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1967). Although Marius never takes the final step of officially converting to Christianity, his death according to Monsman is the prelude to a final awakening and the full experience of God. How to cite Wilde’s the Happy Prince and Other Tales and a House of Pomegranates, Papers