catcher in the rye glass menagerie Essay -- essays research papers

The Catcher in the Rye and The Glass Menagerie The individual somebody becomes is impacted by the misfortunes they have encountered in their life. In Catcher in the Rye the primary character Holden Caulfield is crushed by the loss of his more youthful sibling Allie to leukemia. The loss of Allie never leaves Holden’s mind. It changes his view of the world. In The Glass Menagerie Amanda Wingfield’s spouse deserts her and their two youngsters Tom and Laura. For Amanda the best way to manage the misfortune is to escape into a fantasy world. She powers this fancy onto Tom and Laura Loss of anything a friend or family member, a companion or an appreciated belonging can influence the manner in which an individual feels. Misfortune can change a person’s responses or demeanor toward something. This may make the individual change the manner in which they carry on with their life or the choices they make. Misfortune leaves an impact on an individual.      Holden Caulfield is tormented by Allie’s demise. The night Allie kicked the bucket Holden rested in the carport and broke all the windows with his clench hands. This was the main way Holden could manage the loss of Allie. Allie turns into the model of the perfect individual for Holden. All through Catcher in the Rye at whatever point Holden discusses Allie it’s what an incredible individual he was. He depicts Allie as very keen, somebody you would have enjoyed and as somebody that never blew up. Everybody Holden meets or sees he thinks about them to this picture of Allie however basically nobody fulfills the guidelines. As Holden is having breakfast in a cafe he sees two nuns come in and encourages them with their bags. He barely cares about them until he sees that their bags appear to be cheap. Holden discusses how he abhors it when somebody has modest bags and how he can simply get the opportunity to loathe somebody for having them. Holden never gets over Allie’s demise. It makes him become fretful. He is scanning for something to supplant the hole in his life that Allie left. He admired Allie. At whatever point Holden discovers something that can supplant Allie he finds imperfections about it. Holden feels that in the event that he discovers something he is double-crossing Allie. He never really discovers something to fill the void. At the point when Phoebe asks Holden to name something he prefers a great deal he can’t consider anything other than Allie. Phoebe says Allie doesn't generally check in light of the fact that he’s dead. Holden contends â€Å"I can in any case like him, however, can’t I? Because somebody’s dea... ...inessman. She censures her better half for her children’s terrible characteristics. At the point when Tom remains out late or smokes Amanda says â€Å"you got it from you father†. Holden and Amanda were both damaged by the misfortune they encountered. Holden’s perspective on the world changes as a result of Allie’s demise. In Holden’s mind nobody will ever satisfy Allie. Holden can’t see great on the planet any longer. There is some kind of problem with everything when coordinated facing Allie. Despite the fact that this is genuine Holden is on an interminable journey to discover something that can supplant Allie. The loss of Allie causes Holden to feel just something negative can result from change. The loss of her better half tosses Amanda into a dreamland. She won't acknowledge that she ought to be something besides the southern woman she was raised to be, that Laura is impossible to miss or that Tom is anything but a maturing representative, and that she herself may be here and there answerable for the distresses and imperfections of her kids. Misfortune influences individuals in various manners. It can destroy them or make them more grounded. For both Holden and Amanda misfortune constrains them to battle with their feelings trying to discover me thods of managing the misfortune.  â â â â

Democratic Government and School System of Haiti

Law based Government and School System of Haiti About the paper The given conversation paper depends on the point ‘Democratic Government and School System of Haiti’. In the given paper, the principle center point is the instruction arrangement of Haiti, which is an island of West Indies. Because of the antagonistic state of the Republic of Haiti, since the freedom of the countries, the training framework is incapable and is the fundamental driver of neediness and lower monetary degree of the nation. In this paper, it is assessed that with the popularity based structure of the training arrangement of Haiti, in what capacity can powerful measures be taken for a constructive effect on the social and scholarly improvement of the individuals over yonder; particularly, the young and the grown-up people. The given learning paper is partitioned into three sections in particular the broadness, the profundity and the application. All the three pieces of this learning paper are interconnected with one another and the conversation of these three sections have a progression of data. In the initial segment of the conversation paper to be specific the ‘breadth’, the hypotheses identified with training and popular government and are examined. The speculations recommended in the given paper are given by Jean Jacques Rousseau, John Dewey and Jean Piaget. The idea of these speculations depends on the arrangement of the authoritative structure of Haiti. What's more, the Historical point of view of Haiti and its battle for the inconvenience of the instructive practices and estimations of the western nations is likewise depicted in a similar segment of the paper. With the utilization of the given hypothetical structure, interlink between the race, training and vote based administration is additionally dissected in a similar section of the conversation paper (Investing in Instruction for Higher Student Achievement, 2003). The following fragment of the learning paper is the ‘depth’. In this piece of the paper, the commented on book index of a progression of the current academic articles is made. The articles chose are identified with the subject of vote based administration in Caribbean, particularly, in setting with Haiti. Furthermore, the current political occasions happened in Haiti are additionally talked about in a similar segment of the paper. Additionally, the effect of the outside outcomes on the administration of Haiti and Caribbean is likewise assessed in a similar paper and the impact of these administrations on the neediness paces of these locales is likewise being investigated in a similar area of paper. The third and last segment of the paper, which is the ‘application section’; the hypotheses of vote based administration are examined with the remote and monetary undertakings of the United States on the training segment of Haiti. What's more, the cultural and affordable lists of the Haiti and Caribbean and the impact of interior administration factors or the weight of the worldwide business associations of the United States on these lists, is additionally included. The few different options for the vote based administration are likewise researched in the arrangement, which were given by the three scholars in the main area of the conversation paper. Presentation Haiti, which is an island arranged in the West Indies. The official name of Haiti is the ‘Republic of Haiti’. This is a Caribbean nation, which is considered as a French talking country or Creole is likewise trailed by the residents of Haiti. This republican country is situated in the west side of the island of Hispaniola. The nation was not autonomous, since its birthplace and got acknowledgment as a free country in 1804 from France. In that period, this island was considered as the least nation on the proficiency level and the most insufficient nation among the whole side of the equator of west side. During the 1990s, Haiti was focused on the foundation of the majority rule government by the global network (Haiti, 2009). From the populace perspective, Haiti is considered as a real part of the profoundly populated countries of the world. Of the cutting edge times, Haiti is figured as the ‘first free country of blacks’. During the time of nineteenth and twentieth century, a few quantities of battles were knowledgeable about Haiti. Among the significant battles, the battle for increasing more force by the few classes of the countries and battle for the carelessness of the headways in the documented of social and financial viewpoints. These endeavors brought forth the few sorts of occupations in the military of the United States. The occupations were principally advanced during the time of 1915 and kept going till the year 1934. Toward the finish of the twentieth century, the Republic of Haiti reestablished majority rule government. This was executed in the year 1987, when another ‘Constitution’ was confirmed and a Bicameral Parliament was chosen in Haiti. In this legislative framework, the leader of the states were the Prime Minister and the President. The President used to select a Supreme Court (Florã ©n-Romero, 2008). The administrative arrangement of Haiti is classified into three segments specifically the Executive, Legislative and Judicial Government. There is one ‘Senate’ comprising of 30 seats and a ‘Chamber of Deputies’ involving 99 seats in the authoritative area of the administration. The term of these two segments of the administrative governments, is for a long time and four years. The other area of the administration, which is the official force, is going by the President of the Republic. The President is viewed as the leader of the state and the leader of the administration is the Prime Minister. The third segment of the administration, which is the legal force, is composed by the Supreme Court. The Democratic government greatly affected the educational system of Haiti. In the prior period in Haiti, there were no uniform timetables for the schools. This is on the grounds that in those occasions, the educational system of Haiti was supported by the secretly run schools. During that period, the number of inhabitants in the understudies rose with an extraordinary speed. In addition, there were no courses of action of resources in the schools and the schools came up short on the supplies utilized for the instructive reason. The school timings were likewise abbreviated because of the inadequate arrangement of training. The educational systems of Haiti in the past periods needed to serve the various gatherings of students. As occasional changes, schools were right off the bat created in Haiti in the year 1905, after the rising of the Constitution. The Constitution endorsed for the ‘compulsory essential education’ that was liberated from cost. The grade schools of the provincial zones were made with a few confinements; explicitly, farming degree program with the presentation of the ‘Education Act’ of the year 1848. Afterward, the instructive framework was energized by the pioneers of post pilgrim time of the Haiti; however the improvement of an exhaustive and helpful educational system was impractical. In any case, there are no methods for instruction, as there are no arrangements of the conventional trainings for most of Haitians. Then again, the grade school training is given to the little minority gatherings (Haitians†Their History and Culture, 2004). The Democratic legislature of Haiti put forth genuine and nonstop attempts for the arrangement of better training to its kin. However, the endeavors of the Haitian Government were a lot of viable, yet, the consequences of the endeavors, of the administration were not as per the ideal level. There was an incredible prerequisite of the commencement of a true change and through the foundation of that change; the nation could use ‘education’ as an instrument for the upgraded development of the country. There were no unmistakable signs to show the instruction as an engaged point for the essential necessities of the nation. In that period, the inclinations of the Haiti populace were not towards the state funded instruction administration; this was on the grounds that, in those years, the Haitians were just intrigued to send the high society youngsters to the schools. Furthermore, with the end goal of study, they used to go France and they were perceived as French individuals ( Haiti Educational System-Overview, 2009). The whole instruction arrangement of Haitians was completely founded on ‘Racialism’. There was a top to bottom inclination among the Haitian Communities with respect to the training of the general public. The proper arrangement of the training in Haiti was completely planned in such a way, that there were two classes of the network to be specific the urban elites and others. The urban elites were not very many of the complete populace, about 20% and just they should have training; while the other 80% populace in the open country, was completely disregarded from such sorts of right of instruction. This blunder in the Haitian training framework was required to be transformed by the authoritative undertakings. The understudies were required to given instruction through legitimate framework with the arrangement of study halls (Hanus, 1997). There was a totally formal arrangement of training. In that framework, the children old enough gathering of 4 to 6 years were sent to the non-public schools for getting the essential training. This framework was generally considered by just those families, which were fit to bear the cost of the installment of the training. There were no adjustments in the situation because of the announcement held in the year 1982. The declaration put weight on the popularity based standards of the administration open at the widespread level. There were no compelling offices in the government funded schools for the kids. The homerooms in the state funded schools were stuffed, which are still similarly situated. There were no methods for security, solace and cleanliness offices for the youngsters. In the schools, there were no arrangement of drinking water for the youngsters, no power offices and no space for the recreational reason for the understudies. The schools were far away from the territories; because of that the understudies needed to walk a few miles for gaining instruction. The resources were no

Another side of an Ivy League institution COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Another side of an Ivy League institution COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog On Friday December 13th, SIPA Admissions Office, in collaboration with SIPA Students of Color, hosted the Second Annual Diversity Symposium. The symposium, Public Policy: A Global Perspective attracted prospective applicants from the tri-state area to learn about SIPA’s MIA/ MPA programs and the admissions process. The Diversity Symposium was created in order to increase domestic student of color applicants at SIPA. Much like every school, said Executive Director of Admissions Grace Han, SIPA has a  â€œvested interest to recruit, retain and graduate student bodies that come from diverse backgrounds.” By recruiting throughout the NYC metropolitan area, SIPA Admissions was able to attract students from diverse ethnicities, socioeconomic status and experiences. Students who attended the symposium received information about the admissions process, a “how-to” presentation on funding graduate school and became more knowledgeable about SIPA and its community.   Michael Bustamante, who is applying to the MIA program, said, “ [The Symposium] showed a side to an Ivy League institution that I honestly thought didnt exist-the genuine drive to diversify their student body.” Throughout the day, participants engaged in conversations with current students, administrators, faculty and alumni. The alumni panel included 6 distinguished professionals who have made strides in their fields. When the alumni were asked what value SIPA added to their career choice, all the alumni spoke highly of the program including the ability to balance their education while exploring career options. SIPA alumnus Dr. Ann Morning, ‘92,  who is now a Professor of Sociology at NYU, talked about her experience as a Statistics T.A. and the community that SIPA cultivated through their TAship program. It was difficult, she said, but SIPA prepared students towards modern professions all while creating ‘heroes” through the degree program.  Prospective applicants were also engaged in policy discussions on issues ranging from energy fracking to health care access. Students were split into teams and asked to discuss possible solutions to prominent problems all of which have challenging political and social implications. Michael Bustamante describe the round-tables discussions: great, relevant and engaging.   All discussions were led by current second year SIPA students who have sought to answer some of these pressing questions themselves through their SIPA education. For the prospective students who attended, this is only the beginning of a process that will hopefully result in a successful application to SIPA and a step closer to making a difference in the global community. For everyone else who missed out please keep an eye out for future events. Good luck with those applications!

Understanding How Fallacies, Critical Thinking and...

How it all comes together 1 Understanding how fallacies, critical thinking and decision making techniques are all linked together. What is a logical fallacy? According to the Webster dictionary (1996), a fallacy is a false notion. A statement or argument based on a false or invalid inference. Fallacies can be divided into two different groups; the first one is the fallacy of relevance where the premises are irrelevant to the outcome. The other is fallacy of insufficient evidence, where the premises may be relevant to the outcome but does not have enough evidence to support that outcome. Relevance can be described in three different categories; 1. It can be positively relevant- where it supports a certain statement. 2. It can†¦show more content†¦During these discussions, once you voice your opinion, fallacies in reasoning come out (Mckenzie, 1992). A critical thinker is also a human being and somewhat a risk taker, when discussions come up, a thinker always tend to voice own opinions depending on their own personal beliefs, these beliefs will then determine what logically fallacies the conversation will fall into. A critical thinker should also have the ability to reason correctly and try to identify any reasoning that are fallacies, this is why it is so important to know and understand the different fallacies that will interrupt the four components of critical thinking. How it all comes together 4 Using the six stages of decision making is a helpful tool to understand and overcome the fallacies of thinking. 1. Identifying and diagnosing the problem- first one must recognize there is a problem and decides that it needs to be solved and then be willing to do something about it. 2. Generating alternative solutions- this is where the problem is being linked to alternative course of actions. 3. Evaluating alternatives- rank the alternatives. 4. Making a choice by using maximizing (best outcome), satisfying (acceptable), and optimizing (best balanced). 5. Implement the decision- carry out the choice you have made. 6. Evaluate the decision- collect data of how well the choice you made worked (Bateman, 2003). According to Rudolph (1992), he includes that one

The Actors Of Micro Environment - 1680 Words

Q1. 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Macro Environment Macro Environment Hotel Industry Natural Change Natural disasters like tornado, flood, drought and landslides have caused doomsday for local citizens. The extreme weather first started in Selangor with a long drought which began in 2012 and got worse as it reached 2014. Then there was a big flood and mud slides with persistent rain which happened in Sabah in October 2014. Lastly in October 2014 series mini twistersShow MoreRelatedThe Actors Of Micro Environment1527 Words   |  7 PagesQ1. Actors of Micro Environment Company Name: The company that will be discussed is PepsiCo soft drinks. (www.pepsico.com) Competitors: †¢ Coca-cola (www.coca-cola.com) †¢ Sprite (www.sprite.com) †¢ Fanta (www.fanta.com) †¢ 7up (www.7up.com) †¢ Mountain Dew (www.mountaindew.com) Suppliers: †¢ OXL Resources SDN BHD (Pepsi bottle) †¢ MSM Malaysia Holdings Berhad (Sugar) †¢ San Soong Seng Food Industries SDN BHD (caramel color) †¢ Alex Manufacturer SDN BHD (pepsi can) Intermediaries: †¢ Physical distributionRead MoreThe Actors Of Micro Environment1550 Words   |  7 PagesQ1. 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Actors of Micro Environment Company Name: AirAsia Berhad Competitors: †¢ Malaysian Airlines (http://www.malaysiaairlines.com/my/en.html) †¢ Thai Airways (http://www.thaiairways.com) †¢ Singapore Airlines (http://www.singaporeair.com) †¢ Malindo Air (http://www.malindoair.com) †¢ Jetstar Airways (http://www.jetstar.com/au/en/home) †¢ Cathay Pacific (http://www.cathaypacific.com/cx/ms_MY.html) †¢ Emirates (http://www.emirates.com) †¢ Japan Airlines (https://www.jal.com) Suppliers: †¢ Brahim’s Food (Food)Read MoreThe Actors Of Micro Environment1585 Words   |  7 PagesQ1. Actors of Micro Environment Company Name: AirAsia Berhad Competitors: †¢ Malaysian Airlines (http://www.malaysiaairlines.com/my/en.html) †¢ Thai Airways (http://www.thaiairways.com) †¢ Singapore Airlines (http://www.singaporeair.com) †¢ Malindo Air (http://www.malindoair.com) †¢ Jetstar Airways (http://www.jetstar.com/au/en/home) †¢ Cathay Pacific (http://www.cathaypacific.com/cx/ms_MY.html) †¢ Emirates (http://www.emirates.com) †¢ Japan Airlines (https://www.jal.com) Suppliers: †¢ Brahim’s Food (Food)Read MoreThe Actors Of Micro Environment1507 Words   |  7 PagesQ1. Actors of Micro Environment Company Name: Mountain Dew (PepsiCo, INC.) (https://www.pepsimalaysia.com/) Competitors: †¢ Coca-Cola (http://www.coke.com.my/) †¢ 7up (http://www.7up.com/) †¢ 100 Plus (http://100plus.com.my/) †¢ FN (http://fn.com.my/) Suppliers: †¢ Kian Joo Can Factory (M) Bhd. (Can) †¢ Tenaga Nasional Sdn Bhd (Electricity) †¢ KLH Chemicals (Soda) †¢ GoldenGate sugar manufacturing company (M) Sdn Bhd (Sugar) †¢ U-LIK Sdn Bhd (Plastic Bottle) Intermediaries: †¢ AEON, ColdStorage, 7-11 (Reseller)Read MoreMicro / Macro Environment900 Words   |  4 PagesMicro Macro A company s marketing environment is made up of the ACTORS AND FORCES outside marketing that affect marketing management s ability to build and maintain successful RELATIONSHIPS with target customers. The marketing environment is made up of the micro environment and the macro environment. 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Wilde’s the Happy Prince and Other Tales and a House of Pomegranates Free Essays

Literary influences of the books; Concern of Wilde on blending Christianity and aestheticism; : 1351 In a famous statement to W. B. Yeats, Oscar Wilde called Walter Pater’s The Renaissance â€Å"my golden book; I never travel anywhere without it. We will write a custom essay sample on Wilde’s the Happy Prince and Other Tales and a House of Pomegranates or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"( n1) Nor is Pater’s influence limited to a single book. Marius the Epicurean also had a strong impact on Wilde, and during his imprisonment, Pater’s Greek Studies, Appreciations, and Imaginary Portraits were among the few books he asked for and received (Letters 399). Pater also had a powerful influence on Wilde’s fairy tales, which critics have not so far focused on. The fairy tales of The Happy Prince and Other Tales and A House of Pomegranates reveal many influences–Hans Christian Andersen, Blake, Carlyle–but Pater is a chief influence on many of them. In De Profundis, Wilde wrote of Marius the Epicurean that in it Pater seeks to reconcile the artistic life with the life of religion in the deep, sweet and austere sense of the word. But Marius is little more than a spectator: an ideal spectator indeed, [. . . yet a spectator merely, and perhaps a little too much occupied with the comeliness of the vessels of the Sanctuary to notice that it is the Sanctuary of Sorrow that he is gazing at. (Letters 476)In many of the fairy tales, Wilde’s concern is exactly that of Pater in Marius–to blend Christianity and the artistic life or aestheticism. In others, he is more concerned with the conclusion to The Renaissance, with its insistent advice that we should devote our lives to the private enjoyment of the best objects of art–advice which he strongly rejects. The Happy Prince,† for instance, belongs to the latter group. When we first meet the happy prince, he is a beautiful statue, â€Å"gilded all over with thin leaves of fine gold,† his eyes are â€Å"two bright sapphires,† and â€Å"a large red ruby† is fixed on his sword-hilt (271). His position as an aesthetic object high above the city symbolizes the isolated, carefree, pleasure-seeking life he led before his death, when he lived in a beautiful palace that is itself a work of art. Every evening, he tell us, â€Å"I led the dance in the Great Hall† (272).The happy pr ince, then, begins his existence as an aesthete, a follower of Pater’s advice in The Renaissance that to burn always with this hard, gem-like flame, to maintain this ecstasy, is success in life. [. . . ] We have an interval, and then our place knows us no more. Some spend this interval in listlessness, some in high passions, the wisest, at least among â€Å"the children of this world,† in art and song. [. . . ] Of such wisdom, the poetic passion, the desire of beauty, the love of art for its own sake, has most. 123) Even as a child, the happy prince devotes himself instinctively to a Pateresque life of art, song, and beauty, but in doing so he locks out Christian sweetness and purity. When he becomes a statue, the happy prince gradually recognizes all the pain and sorrow that exists in the city below him, and he develops into a Christian, a child of light. His heart overflows with love and pity, and he sacrifices his aesthetic glory to help others. In this, he is aided by a swallow who undergoes a similar pattern of development.Finally, he strips himself of all his beauty, and his leaden heart cracks when the swallow dies, but both are ready now to enter Heaven. Christianity and aestheticism do not blend in â€Å"The Happy Prince†: Pater’s Renaissance is seen as an early, selfish stage that human beings should outgrow. The great problem of the infanta in â€Å"The Birthday of the Infanta† is that she does not go beyond the private aestheticism Pater recommended in his conclusion but remains monstrous in her icy beauty and cold palace, with its many objects of art.In â€Å"The Young King,† on the other hand, Christianity and aestheticism blend fully. The young king, the son of an artist, is disowned at first by his grandfather the old king, but is later acknowledged as heir to the throne and brought into the palace. â€Å"From the very first moment of his recognition,† we are told, he had shown signs of that strange passion for beauty that was destined to have so great an influence over his life. [. . . ] The wonderful palace–Joyeuse, as they called it–of which he now found himself lord, seemed to him to be a new world fresh-fashioned for his delight; [. . ] he would run down the great staircase, with its lions of gilt bronze and its steps of bright porphyry, and wander from room to room, and from corridor to corridor. (213-14) This crucial passage reveals the young king as a disciple of Pater’s Renaissance, constantly in a state of â€Å"ecstasy,† burning with â€Å"a hard gem-like flame† as he privately enjoys the manifold beauties of his palace of art. But as his nature develops, he becomes terribly aware, through three successive dreams, of the pain and evil that accompanied the acquisition of such magnificent objects of art.He becomes a Christian, embraces poverty, and goes to his coronation in rags. The realm mocks and opposes him, from the people to the nobles to the bishop, but he presses on and enters the church. The nobles follow with drawn swords, intent on killing him, but God intervenes and crowns him: And lo! through the painted windows came the sunlight streaming upon him, and the sunbeams wove round him a tissued robe that was fairer than the robe that was fashioned for his pleasure. The dead staff blossomed, and bare lilies that were whiter than pearls.The dry thorn blossomed, and bare roses that were redder than rubies. (221) The young king enters a new aesthetic realm, pure and indescribably beautiful. Christianity in this tale is the highest form of aestheticism: the young king abandons Pater’s Renaissance and discovers a higher, religious Epicureanism, much as Marius does when it dawns on him–in the â€Å"Divine Service† chapter of the novel–that Christianity is â€Å"the most beautiful thing in the world† (303). Like Marius, in his final stage of self-development, the king blends Christianity and aestheticism. n2) The protagonist of â€Å"The Fisherman and His Soul† does the same thing. Initially, fascinated by the beautiful mermaid who sings marvelous songs and lives in a wonderworld beneath the sea, the fisherman casts away his soul and joins her. By the end of the tale, however, his heart becomes large enough to embrace in love both the mermaid and his soul: without abandoning aestheticism, he becomes a Christian, and his grave blooms, prompting a change in the wrathful priest, who speaks of all-embracing love and blesses all of God’s creatures.Similarly, in â€Å"The Star-Child† the star-child’s physical beauty returns only when he becomes spiritually beautiful along Christian lines: the two go hand in hand. Over and over in the fairy tales, but especially in â€Å"The Young King,† Wilde blends Christianity and aestheticism in the manner of Marius the Epicurean, and over and over he rejects the advice of the conclusion to The Renaissance, presenting it as an inadequate initial stage in the soul’s spiritual development. NOTES (n1. ) W. B. Yeats, The Autobiography of William Butler Yeats (New York: Macmillan, 1953) 80. n2. ) In this essay, I follow Gerald Cornelius Monsman’s reading of Marius in Pater’s Portraits: Mythic Pattern in Fiction of Walter Pater (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1967). Although Marius never takes the final step of officially converting to Christianity, his death according to Monsman is the prelude to a final awakening and the full experience of God. How to cite Wilde’s the Happy Prince and Other Tales and a House of Pomegranates, Papers

Joints and Body Movements free essay sample

Laszlo Vass, Ed. D. Version 42-0014-00-01 Lab RepoRt assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor. Purpose: What is the purpose of this exercise? To identify and define the structural categories of joints and joint movements, as well as discuss the function of the synovial joints in the body. To be able to describe how tearing a tendon affects the muscle it corresponds with. To describe how losing articular cartilage affects the corresponding joint, its bones and the associated muscles. Are there any safety concerns associated with this exercise? If so, list what they are and what precautions should be taken. We will write a custom essay sample on Joints and Body Movements or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Gown, glove, goggles, proper clean up. exeRcise 1: Questions A. As you observe the skull, explain how the structure of the sutures between the cranial bones is related to the overall function of the cranium. At birth, an infant’s skull has six cranial bones separated by strong, fibrous elastic sutures. These sutures are what allow the infant’s skull to squeeze through the birth canal, as they allow the cranial bones to overlap each other during the process, and then allow for brain growth and development. By 12-18 months they grow together, and remain flexible during infancy and childhood. In adulthood the cranial sutures stay together. B. Why are synarthroses an important component of fibrous joints? Synarthroses are joints that do not move, such as the joints in the skull that never move in adulthood. Since the sutures between the different bones in the cranium do not move in adulthood, this also protects the brain. exeRcise 2: Questions A. Cartilaginous joints exhibit amphiarthroses. Why is this important? Amphiarthroses are slightly movable joints connected by fibrocartilage, including the vertebrae of the spinal column. The intervertebral discs join each vertebrae and allow movement, allowing us to bend over and side to side. B. Structurally, how are cartilaginous joints similar? Cartilaginous joints are similar in that they allow more movement between bones than a fibrous joint but less than the highly mobile synovial joint. exeRcise 3: Questions A. Which type of synovial joint has the least amount of movement? Synarthrosis has the least amount of movement under normal conditions and is very fibrous. B. Why are diarthroses important for synovial joints? Diarthroses are important for synovial joints because they are synovial joints where two bones are bound together by a joint capsule, forming what is called a joint cavity. In synovial joints a fluid called synovial fluid is found which lubricates the joints making them movable. C. Which synovial joint is most movable? Diarthrosis is the most movable synovial joint. D. What are the four structural characteristics that all synovial joints share? 1. Two-layered articular capsule 2. Synovial membrane 3. Hyaline cartilage 4. Bursae exeRcise 4: Questions A. Which of the body movements was the most difficult to perform? Why? The hip rotation was the most difficult to perform because its range of motion is limited. B. Hinge joints like the elbow and knee have limited movement. Why are these types of joints more prone to injury? The elbow and knee joint are more prone to injury because they are only capable of moving in two directions (hinge joints), so if that joint is forced to move in another direction it may result in injury and often does. C. When performing flexion on the arm, the biceps muscle (on the anterior of the arm) contracts. What happens to the triceps muscle (on the posterior of the arm) as this action is performed? The tricep muscle will retract, as the bicep muscle contracts. D. Both the shoulder and the hip are ball and socket joints. Why does the shoulder have a greater range of motion than the hip? The hip joint is larger and deeper than the shoulder joint. The hip joint is also weight bearing, and much more constrained and more stable, whereas the shoulder joint is more mobile. The shoulder depends more on the muscles, which connect it to the ball for movement and function ability. exeRcise 5: obseRvations Sketch your chicken wing: Label the bones, muscles, tendons and joints. exeRcise 5: Questions A. What effect will the tearing of a tendon have on its corresponding muscle? The tearing of a tendon will cause the corresponding muscle to shrink, due to the decreased tendon activity. B. Why are ligaments harder to heal than tendons? Ligaments are harder to heal than tendons because they have a limited blood supply. , which assist is transporting protein and nutrients to help repair damage. C. Compare and contrast tendons and ligaments. Tendons and ligaments are both muscle tissues. Tendons are tough flexible bands of fibrous tissue that connect the muscles to bones. Ligaments are long stringy collagen fibers that create bands of tough, fibrous connective tissue and connect bone to bone. D. What is the function of fascia? Fascia assists in holding skin to muscle. E. What effect would the loss of articular cartilage have on a joint, its bones and their corresponding muscles? The loss of articular cartilage will cause corresponding joints to feel stiff and painful, and may even cause it to lock up. The loss of articular cartilage eventually will cause osteoarthritis, which is a process caused by either wear and tear or disease. Conclusions Explain how skin, bones, and muscles are related to each other. Why is this relationship important to the understanding of the skeletal and muscular systems? This relationship is important because it is the muscles that are what helps/protects our bones to allow proper movement and function ability. Skin provides protection from outside elements and also against exposure to outside elements in regards to our skeletal and muscular systems. Without one or the other or both we would not be able to function normally.